Interesting...
First questions first..
Earth isn't the only planet that can support life. It might be the only PLANET that can support life in our solar system at the time, but moons of Jupiter have proven to be promising, and solar systems other than ours must have life. It's highly improbable, considering the fact that the thousands of stars we see at night are each their own solar systems, most of which are larger than ours, that our little planet is the only one capable of supporting life.
Humans evolve every day? The person who told you that most likely meant that it is a very slow, gradual process. I believe a good understated relation to human evolution would be "as slow as molasses in the middle of January."
Third...
If you don't describe learning as "behavioral modification especially through experience," then what else would it be? You see something, then you know it. Then when you need it, you use it. That's what monkeys do. That's what apes do. That's what humans do.
About adaptation versus evolution--they are VERY different. We debated this in bio a week ago but my head hurts and I'm hot and sticky from my walk home from school so I can't think very well.